Genetic immunization is an attractive strategy for antibody development in situations where proteins cannot be produced recombinantly (e.g. multipass transmembrane proteins)

Genetic Immunizations
• Immunize with plasmid encoding for antigen
• Host cells take-up plasmid and produce antigen
• Host generates antibody response to antigen
• Often combined with protein-based immunizations

DNA Tattoo Immunizations
• Deliver plasmid intradermally via tattooing
• Tattooing induces localized inflammation and antigen uptake

Benefits
• Cost effective: no expensive carrier molecules like gold particles
• No expensive equipment required
• Non-invasive